5 The 5 Reasons Free Evolution Is Actually A Great Thing > 자유게시판

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead to their development over time. This includes the evolution of new species and transformation of the appearance of existing species.

Numerous examples have been offered of this, 에볼루션 바카라사이트 including different varieties of fish called sticklebacks that can be found in salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits can't, however, be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for 에볼루션 바카라사이트 many centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection, an evolutionary process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and 에볼루션 코리아 reproduce more effectively than those that are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually creates an entirely new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that involves the interaction of three factors including inheritance, variation, and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction both of which increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, which include recessive and dominant genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing viable, fertile offspring. This can be accomplished via sexual or asexual methods.

All of these variables have to be in equilibrium to allow natural selection to take place. If, for instance an allele of a dominant gene causes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene allele, then the dominant allele will become more prevalent in a group. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. This process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism that has a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than one with an inadaptive trait. The greater an organism's fitness, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it can produce. People with desirable characteristics, like having a longer neck in giraffes, or bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely to survive and produce offspring, so they will make up the majority of the population over time.

Natural selection is only a force for populations, not on individual organisms. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution that states that animals acquire traits through usage or inaction. For instance, 에볼루션 룰렛 (Whitaker-bryant.Technetbloggers.de) if the Giraffe's neck grows longer due to reaching out to catch prey and its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The length difference between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck becomes so long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of the same gene are randomly distributed in a population. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough to no more be eliminated through natural selection) and the rest of the alleles will decrease in frequency. This can lead to dominance at the extreme. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small group it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive allele. This scenario is called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that occurs when a large amount of individuals move to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when survivors of a disaster such as an epidemic or mass hunt, are confined within a narrow area. The survivors will carry an allele that is dominant and will have the same phenotype. This situation might be the result of a war, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. Whatever the reason the genetically distinct group that remains is susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected value due to differences in fitness. They provide the famous case of twins who are genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other is able to reproduce.

This type of drift is vital to the evolution of a species. This isn't the only method for evolution. Natural selection is the primary alternative, where mutations and migration maintain the phenotypic diversity of the population.

Stephens asserts that there is a huge distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or 에볼루션 바카라사이트 force, and treating other causes like migration and 에볼루션 바카라사이트 selection mutation as forces and causes. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and that this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift has both a direction, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

When high school students study biology they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism which means that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms by adopting traits that are a product of the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe stretching its neck further to reach higher up in the trees. This process would cause giraffes to pass on their longer necks to their offspring, who then get taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology held at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th of May in 1802, he introduced an original idea that fundamentally challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According to him living things had evolved from inanimate matter via the gradual progression of events. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case but his reputation is widely regarded as giving the subject its first general and comprehensive treatment.

The prevailing story is that Lamarckism grew into a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection and that the two theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won which led to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be inherited and instead suggests that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, like natural selection.

While Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea, it was never a major feature in any of their theories about evolution. This is partly due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is as valid as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive within a specific environment, which may involve not only other organisms, but as well the physical environment.

To understand how evolution operates, it is helpful to understand what is adaptation. It refers to a specific feature that allows an organism to survive and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physiological structure such as feathers or fur or a behavioral characteristic, such as moving to the shade during hot weather or stepping out at night to avoid cold.

The ability of an organism to draw energy from its environment and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring, and be able to find sufficient food and resources. The organism should also be able reproduce at an amount that is appropriate for its specific niche.

These factors, together with mutations and gene flow, can lead to an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the population's gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species over time.

Many of the features we admire in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation and long legs to get away from predators and camouflage to conceal. To understand adaptation, it is important to distinguish between behavioral and physiological characteristics.

Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to search for companions or to move into the shade in hot weather, aren't. It is also important to note that insufficient planning does not cause an adaptation. Failure to consider the implications of a choice even if it appears to be rational, could make it inflexible.